Consultancy: Baseline Survey for Police Abuse of Power (PAP) Program- International Justice Mission(IJM)

1.0 Background Information

1.1 About IJM

International Justice Mission is a global organization that protects people in poverty from violence. IJM partners with local authorities in 33 offices across 23 countries to combat slavery, violence against women and children, and other forms of abuse against people who are poor. IJM works to rescue and restore victims, hold perpetrators accountable, and help strengthen public justice systems. Started in 2001, IJM’s office in Kenya works to combat police abuse of power against people who are poor, as well as sexual violence against children. IJM’s focus is to ensure the well-being of the families affected by this crime, the swift conviction of all involved, and strengthening of Kenya’s public justice system to protect people living in poverty from violence.

1.2 Description of the Assignment

IJM Kenya has been combating Police Abuse of Power (PAP) through individual casework and targeted system reform interventions in the law enforcement and aftercare sectors. The PAP Program is informed by the prevalence of high cases of police misconduct which was reported at 46.2% in 2019[1] and its design has been based on the theory of change that strong justice systems contribute to lower prevalence of crime against people who are poor and improved victim outcomes. IJM has observed that effective intervention by the justice system rescues individuals from abuse and holds perpetrators accountable for their crimes. This creates a deterrence effect that contributes to an overall reduction of the prevalence of PAP.

The proposed survey will serve twin purposes of establishing baseline values for the new phase of PAP Program (2C) as well as end term evaluation for the ongoing PAP Program (2B), whose implementation has been going on since 2018 and is set to end in March 2023. The PAP 2C Program was recently redesigned for another phase of 7 years beginning in April 2023 and going up to 2029.

1.3 Rationale of the Baseline survey

IJM’s mission is to protect people in poverty from violence. The global vision is that, by 2030, IJM will have protected 500 million people from violence. The mission and vision require IJM Programs to measure protection within the framework of the four protection domains of change which includes prevalence of the violence based on specific case types, confidence of the stakeholders in the justice system, reliance of victims on the criminal justice system and performance of the criminal justice system.

This baseline survey is part of the protection measurement efforts to effectively monitor progress towards the 2030 Vision and particularly IJM Kenya’s target of protecting 35 million vulnerable people (which is approximately 75% of Kenya’s population) from police abuse of power. Protection measurement does not only demonstrate how IJM’s Community Protection Model works but is also an accountability mechanism where protection claims are verified through data.

2.0 Description of the Protection domains

Protection has been defined as an array of benefits that accrue to people in poverty through a transformed justice system. People are protected from violence when the justice system acts as a deterrence to perpetrators; is attractive for victims to report crimes and pursue cases; performs well on those cases; and has the confidence of key stakeholders[2]. It is a requirement that every Justice System strengthening program measures the 4 protection domains of change, which are briefly defined below:

a. Prevalence: Prevalence measures the percentage of the target population that are/were victimized during a specified time in a specified area. It measures the primary intended effect of transformed justice systems—that fewer people are victimized by perpetrators.

b. Reliance: People’s Reliance is a measure of vulnerable people’s dependence on the justice system to protect them from violence. Reliance implies that vulnerable people find usefulness in the system. It measures an essential link between the CJS and the people it is to protect—people’s decision to depend on the CJS to resolve their experiences of violence. The domain allows us to measure knowledge, accessibility, ‘customer experience’, and perceived value—all of which are critical to increasing people’s reliance on the CJS for protection.

c. Stakeholder Confidence: This measures key stakeholders’ confidence in the CJS to protect people from the targeted form of violence. The domain measures a key factor—confidence—that affects the CJS’s ability to offer protection to people. Politicians require confidence to justify investment in and support of the CJS; social service providers require confidence to justify continued engagement with the CJS; survivors require confidence to recommend the CJS to victims; donors require confidence to allocate aid funds to the CJS; CJS staff require confidence to implement reforms and uphold standards; and elites require confidence to informally support and uphold the CJS.

d. Performance: This domain measures how well the CJS disposes of reported cases of the targeted crime in terms of (a) case progression and (b) application of desired behaviors and attitudes. It measures the real-life work of CJS staff on people’s cases. They allow us to measure knowledge, capabilities, attitudes, and behaviors of CJS staff which we can use to inform our JST programs. Justice System (JS) Performance is measured through Standardized Indicators (SIs). SIs enable IJM to aggregate results from projects and programs to regional and global levels, and to compare indicators and draw lessons learned from across projects, programs and regions.

A summary of the indicators for the Protection domains

Primary Indicators

• Willingness to Report Crime: The % of the vulnerable target population who say they would report incidents of crime to relevant criminal justice agencies if they experienced the violation.
• Willingness to Participate in Criminal Proceedings: The % of the vulnerable target population who say they would participate through the entire criminal proceedings against crime type, if the crime happened to them and, if they were provided with necessary support
• Crime Caseload: The # of cases reported to Relevant CJS institutions within a specific time period.
• Survivor Case Participation Rate: The % of survivors who fully participate through scheduled justice processes as required either directly or through legal representation.

Selected Secondary Indicators

• Crime Reporting Rate: The % of incidents of specific crime type reported to relevant CJS Agencies during review period.
• Intermediary Crime Reporting Ratio: The % of incidents of crime reported to Non CJS agencies during the reporting period.

Stakeholder Confidence

• Stakeholder Confidence in Overall Justice System Effectiveness: % of stakeholders who report that their confidence in the overall effectiveness of the criminal justice system in protecting vulnerable people from crime and deterring the prevalence of crime [based on crime type] is “Confident” on the confidence measurement scale.
• Stakeholder confidence in institutional efficiency of justice system institutions: % of stakeholders who report that their confidence in the efficiency of respective Justice System institutions is “Confident” on the confidence measurement scale.
• Stakeholder confidence in Fairness of the Justice System institutions: % of stakeholders who report that their confidence in the fairness of each of the key institutions within CJS to treat people without discrimination is “Confident” on the confidence measurement scale.

Prevalence

• Percentage of the target population who are victimized through PAP

Performance

• Out of 43 SIs which comprise of Core and Highly recommended indicators, IJM Kenya has selected 30 of the indicators to be tracked through routine monitoring.

4.0 Purpose of the survey

This baseline assessment is intended to provide pre-intervention status of the monitoring and evaluation indicators of the 4 domains of protection namely reliance, confidence, performance and prevalence alongside custom indicators[1] for PAP program. Whereas all the indicators for the 3 domains (reliance, confidence and prevalence) will be measured (both quantitatively and qualitatively) in this survey, performance/Standardized Indicators will only be assessed qualitatively and will subsequently be tracked on a continuous basis by the Program staff. The quantitative and qualitative findings from this survey will provide a basis through which the PAP program will be monitored and evaluated over time to demonstrate progress and impact.

The baseline survey will pursue the following specific objectives:

• Establish the degree of peoples’ reliance (which covers crime reporting rate, willingness to report and willingness to participate in criminal proceedings) in the criminal justice system for protection against PAP
• Determine Stakeholder Confidence (in the institutional effectiveness, efficiency, and fairness) of the criminal justice system to protect people from PAP
• Undertake stakeholder mapping to determine their level of importance and influence in the PAP program environment.
• Establish the prevalence of PAP among the targeted regions in Kenya
• Assess the level of criminal justice system performance (within law enforcement, legal case management and aftercare services) in Kenya.

5.0 Key Roles and Responsibilities

I. IJM Kenya

IJM will collaborate with the selected consulting firm to undertake the following roles:

• Provide consultant with background documents, reports and available secondary data for review
• Oversee communities and stakeholders’ sensitization and mobilization
• Provide oversight on the entire survey exercise
• Review and provide input in the consultant’s deliverables
• Organize validation and dissemination workshop for the presentation of survey findings to the stakeholders
• Review draft report and provide consultant with feedback
• Ensure smooth flow of consultancy engagement processes including contractual obligations
• Share the final baseline survey report with all key stakeholders

II. Consulting Firm

The roles of the consultant (s) shall include the following:

• Conduct desk‐review of relevant program documents and other secondary sources
• Develop an inception report, detailing the agreed upon study design, methodology, indicators, data- gathering tools, work plan schedule etc.
• Develop and review data gathering tools (both quantitative and qualitative) in consultation with IJM
• With the support of IJM seek ethical approval for the study
• Plan and coordinate data collection
• Undertake recruitment and training of the data collection teams including pre‐testing of data collection tools
• Work with the IJM team in survey planning and logistics
• Provide ongoing support to survey team members to fulfil their obligations including training on mobile data tools and application during the survey
• Review, clean and analyze data collected
• Write baseline survey report as per agreed template
• Present preliminary findings and draft report to program stakeholders for validation
• Incorporate feedback from program stakeholders and submit final baseline survey report together with all data files (raw and cleaned)

6.0 Methodology

6.1 Survey design

The survey design will be cross sectional with mixed methods where quantitative and qualitative methodologies will be integrated to generate rich data and information on program indicators. This design is appropriate as it provides opportunity for greater participation of key program stakeholders and participants in the entire survey process. It also ensures reliance on several sources of information to enhance validity of the results.

6.2 Data Collection Methods and Tools

Various data collection methods and processes will be adopted and employed during this survey exercise to gather rich and high-quality data that effectively responds to the evaluation objectives.

6.2.1 Secondary Data Collection

This will involve gathering relevant qualitative and quantitative information and data by reviewing the available secondary literature, program documents and reports. The program staff shall supply key documents, required literature, and any other available official documents, national or international reports or documentations required in understanding the context of the Program and aiding the survey. Some of the key documents to be reviewed shall include but not be limited to:

• IJM’s PAP Narrative reports
• DRL Midterm Evaluation report (2022)
• Police Service Delivery Performance Baseline survey (2021)
• IPOA Baseline (2013) and Endline evaluation reports (2019)
• IPOA reports: Trends and patterns of police misconduct (2012-2017)
• Research Report on Police Housing Crisis in Kenya (2016)
• Police Deployment in Kenya (2017)
• Trends and Patterns of Reported Police misconduct (2018)
• Police Premises in Kenya; Realities in Perspective (2015)
• National Police Service Training Institutions report, 2015

6.2.2 Primary Data Collection

Primary data gathering will entail collection of real-time data through a household survey, stakeholder interviews, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The following primary data gathering tools will be used for primary data collection:

6.2.2.1 Household Survey Questionnaire

A standard household survey questionnaire will be developed and administered to sampled households. The consulting team will ensure the household questionnaire adequately responds to the survey objectives as well as program indicators. The household survey data will be collected using the Open Data Kit (ODK) platform on android phones and will entail administration of the closed ended questionnaires to the sampled household caregiver/heads.

6.2.2.2 Focus Group Discussions (FGD)

Qualitative data shall be gathered through Focused Group Discussions (FGDs). FGD will be conducted with the various groups of respondents using predetermined FGD Guides with a set of critical questions. Each FGD session will be composed of 8-12 participants; and the discussants will be identified with the assistance of the program. The FGD participants will be selected at household level while ensuring diversity in terms of age, sex, location and experiences of police misconduct. For purposes of plural investigation, the exercise will be conducted with a broad range of representation within the program area to enable triangulation of findings and incorporate wide-ranging perspectives.

6.2.2.3 Key Informant Interviews (KII)

Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) will entail conducting semi-structured interviews with resourceful individuals perceived to have first-hand knowledge and who are able to provide expert opinion on the issues under investigation*.* The KIIs which will be done by the consultants will also identify and involve locally influential persons or community resource persons who may be knowledgeable about certain aspects of the program. They will also target individuals with expert opinion on issues under investigation. This interview shall be conducted by the consulting team using predetermined KII guides with a set of useful questions.

6.2.2.4 Stakeholder Analysis/Mapping

Stakeholder Confidence is one of the four “Protection Domains”^[3] of change that IJM programs are required to measure as part of their M&E efforts to effectively monitor progress towards the 2030 Vision. Prior to stakeholder confidence measurement, identification of key stakeholders will be undertaken through stakeholder mapping or analysis. Stakeholder analysis among other things will help identify key stakeholders for the program, document the kind of influence that such people have within the criminal justice system and to monitor their confidence over the program period. Through this exercise, the program will also identify strategies and tactics to engage these stakeholders in the program—including ways to communicate with them about program activities, insights, results as well as future plans.

Stakeholder Analysis will involve the following tasks:

• Examine relevant available secondary documentation on history and current context of relationships with key stakeholder groups.
• Design, plan, and gain agreement for a stakeholder analysis methodology with IJM Kenya.
• Undertake a stakeholder assessment which:

1. Is as participatory and inclusive in nature as feasible
2. Identifies primary and secondary stakeholders and establishes their ranking on the IJM Tier Ranking framework
3. Maps the stakeholders, showing their degree of importance and influence
4. Provides clear information on the concerns and interests of each of the key stakeholder groups

• Conduct stakeholder confidence interviews with the sampled stakeholders using a stakeholder questionnaire and consolidate the findings in a report.

6.3 Sampling

The study will adopt appropriate sampling techniques for quantitative and qualitative data acquisition as described below.

6.3.1 Quantitative Study/Household survey

The quantitative research shall be done through a population-based survey with application of rigorous randomized sampling techniques. The sample size for PAP prevalence and reliance study will be drawn using RaoSoft formula (or any other relevant formula). The study population (N) will be all individuals who are being targeted by the program, estimated to be 73.56% (34,988,296) of the entire Kenya’s population[4] living in poverty. Kenya’s PAP Community Protection Program people protected total has been computed using Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) which is IJM’s primary source of poverty data[5]. The sample size (n) will be considered, at 95% confidence level (z), 0.5 standard deviation (s) and confidence interval at 1.3%[6]. A low margin of error has been used to allow for meaningful comparisons of the population sub-groups of interest for the study. Based on the foregoing computation, a sample size of 5682 households will be interviewed.

n= {N (zs/e) 2 /N-1+ (zs/e) 2}

Where

n= sample size

z=1.96 for 95 confidence level

s=0.5 for standard deviation

e=0.013 for margin of error

N= 34,988,296

Multistage sampling criteria will be used in selecting participants among the public. This will enable the survey to account for the heterogeneous nature as well as the diverse shades of opinions of the Kenyan population with regards to policing in the country.

The sample size will be divided along strata delineated along the counties. From the counties a sample for each sub-county will be developed. Appropriate samples will be allocated to each county depending on the weight of population in the various counties across the country. Wards in the sub-counties will be purposively sampled to augment the random process and to capture the regional perceptions. The respondents will be randomly sampled from statistically distributed sampling points.

Starting points within each of the lower administrative divisions will be randomly drawn, with every 5th household in urban and 3rd household in rural included in the sample. Eligible respondents (aged 18 years and above) within the households will be randomly drawn from each household listing thus allowing for replacement of those who failed to respond to the questionnaire with the next respondent.

6.3.2 Qualitative study

For qualitative study (using KII and FGD), purposive selection of heterogeneous grouping of respondents within the program area will be adopted. The qualitative tools will cover all the 4 domains of protection including confidence, reliance, performance and prevalence. The respondents for FGDs and KIIs shall include all the targeted study participants and stakeholders as described below.

6.3.2.1 Focused Group Discussions

FGDs participants will be purposively sampled from the 8 regions (former provinces) of Kenya based on sex, age, social status, locations and experiences with police misconduct. A reasonable number of FGDs shall be planned and conducted within the 8 regions based on rate of reporting of complaints on police misconduct among other considerations.

5.3.2.2 Key Informant Interviews

KIIs will entail semi-structured interviews with individuals with expert opinion on the issues under investigation. Representative KIIs will be conducted with purposively selected individuals representing various stakeholder institutions including government criminal justice actors, NGOs, Civil Society Organizations, and media houses.

5.3.2.3 Sampling for stakeholder confidence interviews

Key stakeholders are people/institutions who/which can be described as “Influential and powerful” to move the government to improve the criminal justice system. The program stakeholders could include (but not limited to); Corporate leaders, Policy experts, political leaders, community leaders, church leaders, leaders of advocacy organizations, charismatic people, leaders of local survivor networks, etc. In this survey, stakeholders will be targeted through the KIIs and Stakeholder confidence interviews.

For the selection of key stakeholders non probabilistic sampling technique will be applied. Specifically, purposive sampling will be used targeting persons in leadership or subject matter focal points within those institutions/groups or individual actors who are influential. The actual number of stakeholder representatives to be interviewed will be established once the stakeholder mapping is completed.

5.4 Data Quality Management

The consultancy team together with IJM Kenya will implement systematic quality assurance procedures to prevent unacceptable practices and to minimize errors in data collection and management. When collecting data, it is important that the data collected are of high quality so that they can be reliably used as the basis to make sound decisions and influence future program designs. A detailed data quality assurance (DQA) guidelines will therefore be established to set forth data quality standards/requirements and team member responsibilities in ensuring high quality data during field work. To ensure data quality, data control measures will be applied at every stage of the data collection and management processes.

5.5 Data Entry, Transcription and Analysis

Household survey data will be collected through ODK platform using android enabled phones or tablets, while data management and storage shall be done on the KoBo Toolbox platform which will have restricted access. Once data collection has been completed, data organization then begins in readiness for analysis and eventual production of a survey report.

5.5.1 Data Analysis

5.5.1.1 Data cleaning, sorting and coding

Quantitative data aggregated on the KoBo Toolbox cloud sever will be downloaded in Excel format. Since the survey will be using mobile data collection platform (ODK), data entry processes will run concurrently with the field data collection processes. The data manager (part of the consultancy team) will manage and supervise the data on real-time submissions into the online server by the research assistants and this will be helpful in timely flagging of inaccurate data and outliers, and overall onsite field monitoring and reporting. Data will then be exported to SPSS spreadsheets for further sorting and coding in order to define names, data types, labels, value labels, as well as measurement scales. The final and cleaned data will be analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.

5.5.1.2 Quantitative Data analysis

Data analysis will be done using descriptive statistics including proportions, frequencies, standard deviation and means. Inferential statistics will entail tests for significance differences using mainly z-tests. Other statistical tests and analytical procedures on associations, correlations and hypothesis testing will be employed as may be necessary. Cross tabulation will be employed to compare differences between and within groups of interests.

5.5.1.3 Qualitative Data Analysis

Voice-recorded qualitative data from FGDs and KIIs will be transcribed verbatim then typed on MS Word in the same format before commencement of analysis. Qualitative Data Analysis will adopt the styles of Framework Analysis[7] for in-depth interviews, KIIs and FGDs. One key advantage with the Framework Analysis is that although it uses a thematic approach, it allows themes to develop both from the research questions and from the narratives of research participants. The process of data analysis will begin during the data collection, by skillfully facilitating the discussion and generating rich data from the interviews and FGDs, complementing them with the observational notes and typing the recorded information as and when they emerge.

5.6 Ethical considerations

This survey will be conducted in line with human subjects’ research guidelines in Kenya. IJM Kenya will follow established protocols for gathering informed consent, protecting anonymity and identifying information, and ensuring ethical data collection—including from vulnerable populations.

5.6.1 Survey Authorization

To ensure compliance with the required ethical standards, all research involving vulnerable populations must pass through formal Institutional Review Board (IRB) review prior to data collection. Subsequently, this survey will obtain ethical approval from the Kenyan in country ethics review board prior to the start of fieldwork. In addition, research approval will be sought from the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI).

5.6.2 Informed consent

Interviewers will read a written consent statement, which will include detailed information about the study, objectives, risks, and benefits, and will emphasize voluntary participation. Respondents will be allowed to ask questions and will be assured of confidentiality before the interview continues. Respondents will indicate consent by appending a signature or a thumbprint on the consent form if they agreed to take part in the interview. The Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) program shall prompt interviewers to record whether the respondent consented to participate or not. Interviewers will then continue with the interview if the respondent provided consent.

5.6.3 COVID-19 and Trauma management

Safety of respondents and research assistants during data collection will be given utmost priority by ensuring COVID-19 protocols are responsibly enforced. The protocols will include the requirements to always wear a face mask and observance of social distance by at least 1-2 meters during training and interviews. As part of the recruitment conditions, the research assistants will be required to have received full COVID vaccination prior to engagement.

To reduce traumatization of PAP survivors, the survey team will be accompanied by officers/counsellors from local implementing partners/organizations who serve survivors to provide familiar faces during introductions, reduce tension and provide appropriate psycho-social support interventions in case of post-interview trauma. The counselors will also be present (within view or in a nearby room), but out of earshot. This will ensure that survivors feel safe and able to ask for help, while avoiding them biasing their responses (which may be more likely if counselors are in ear shot). IJM social workers will also be present to ensure trauma informed standards are upheld.

5.6.3 IJM safeguarding and data security policies

The entire baseline survey team including data collectors and consulting team will sign the IJM Child safeguarding and data security policies. Prior to signing, they will be taken through the policies to understand their contents. No children will be interviewed as part of the household survey. Only PAP survivors aged 18 years and above will be allowed to participate in the household survey or FGDs.

5.7 Research Assistants training and piloting

Prior to the start of training and fieldwork, the consultants will develop a field procedure manual. The manual will be used for the survey training and to provide guidance to interviewers and supervisors on field procedures. The manual will describe the study design and goals and the role and responsibility of interviewers. It will provide guidance for conducting an interview and building rapport with respondents. The manual will include detailed instructions for ensuring data quality and conducting the interview. IJM Kenya together with the consultants will co-facilitate a three-day research assistants’ training and pilot exercise.

The training will focus on orienting participants to the study, data collection procedures, sampling, logistics, respondent screening, survey administration, research ethics and trauma-informed research practices. In addition, the training will include a field pilot of the survey instrument. The purpose of the field test will be to assess whether respondents will struggle with understanding, comprehension, or recall; identify which tools/approaches will be helpful in improving comprehension and recall; determine if any questions will be subject to response bias or perceived as overly sensitive by respondents; and identify any other unforeseen issues or challenges. After the field test, debrief sessions will be conducted with the trainees to identify any necessary final adjustments to the instruments prior to data collection.

5.8 Data Collection Process

The data collection processes will be undertaken by trained Research Assistants and FGD Facilitators. The consultancy team will prepare a central survey implementation plan and a task calendar in which the details of the survey logistics are laid out clearly. The household survey team will be divided into smaller teams with each group having a supervisor who oversees and coordinates the work of the interviewers, as well as provides on-site support. FGD teams will have their own data collection schedule jointly designed with the program team to ensure efficient data collection process. KII and stakeholder interviews will be undertaken by the consulting team to ensure effective engagement with selected stakeholders and partners.

5.9 Key Deliverables

Key deliverables under this assignment will include the following;

1. Inception Report: The inception report will detail baseline survey purpose and objectives, methodology, logistics and work plan. The consultant will develop and share an inception report based on the template and guidance provided by IJM Kenya.
2. Weekly reports: During the one and half month field work period, the consulting team will regularly provide updates on progress of data collection highlighting any logistical or technical challenges that may require immediate mitigation.
3. Draft and Final Baseline survey reports: The survey report will be based on the outcomes of the field processes and outputs of qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The report is the primary product that will be used to communicate findings to the key program audiences. The report will be done based on the guidance and template provided by IJM Kenya and will cover such key components including: executive summary, background, methodology, limitations, findings, lessons learned, conclusions/recommendations, references and appendices.
4. PowerPoint Presentation: After receipt of an acceptable draft baseline report, the consultants will be required to disseminate the survey findings to stakeholders for their input and feedback in a forum to be organized by IJM Kenya. The final report will thereafter be adapted after necessary reviews have been completed and presented for IJM and stakeholders’ feedback and validation.
5. Popular version of the survey report: A brief summary of this report not exceeding 20 pages, excluding any potentially procurement-sensitive information shall be submitted (also electronically, in English) for dissemination among partners and stakeholders.
6. Other study products to hand over to IJM Kenya at the end of the assignment shall include completed data collection and analysis plans; completed training modules/resources; completed data collection tools; submitted raw and cleaned data sets (both quantitative and qualitative) and analysis outputs.

6.0 Evaluation Timeframe

This evaluation is planned to take place between June and July 2022 and should be executed within 30 days. The consultant(s) bidding for the assignment should give a clear breakdown of how the evaluation will be undertaken within the stipulated timeframe.

7.0 Reporting and Supervision

The successful consultant (or team of consultants) will work under the supervision of the Senior MERL Manager-Kenya Program, but with close consultations with the Associate Director, Programs, Kenya and any other IJM staff deemed necessary by the Senior MERL Manager-Kenya Program.

8.0 Qualification and Experience

The prospective consultant/firm is expected to demonstrate a fulfillment of the following minimum qualifications:

i) Demonstrable, thorough knowledge of the Kenyan criminal justice system. This should include good knowledge of functions of the ODPP, National Police Service, the Directorate of Criminal Investigations and Judiciary.

ii) Good mastery and experience of conducting program reviews, evaluations and surveys within the governance and justice sectors in Kenya.

iii) Excellent team management capacity, including appropriately qualified staff to undertake the assignment.

iv) At least a master’s degree (especially for the lead) in relevant discipline such as law, public policy, governance, human rights, or any other relevant field

v) Minimum of 5 years of demonstrated experience in conducting similar program surveys or evaluations. The application should include reports from 2 sample assignments conducted in the last 5 years together with their references.

vi) Strong analytical, report writing and presentation skills

8.1 Application Instructions

Bids should include the following:

• A letter of interest
• A technical proposal (maximum of 15 pages) that summarizes the consultant’s interpretation of the ToR as well as properly outlined Methodology. The proposal should also have detailed timeline and activity schedule of implementation of the assignment. If a team is being proposed, the technical proposal should summarize the team composition and responsibilities of each member.
• A copy of curriculum vitae (CV) of the lead consultant (and core team members, particularly the lead Subject Matter Experts, M&E Subject Matter Expert etc.) which should outline their qualifications and relevant experience with respect to this assignment.
• A financial proposal with a detailed breakdown of budget lines and costs (in Kenyan shillings) for conducting the survey, including:

1. Itemized Consultancy fees/costs
2. Itemized field related and overhead expenses

• Two sample reports from similar assignments, conducted in the last 5 years; with 3 clear referees (names and contacts) from those assignments.
• Up to date Certificate of Tax compliance

[1] These are the indicators of the current PAP (2B) Program which are specific to Kenya and are being continued in the new phase of PAP 2C.

[2] The proposed methodology is not entirely prescriptive of how the assignment is to be executed. Consultants are free to suggest alternative, relevant and appropriate methodology they deem fit for the exercise.

[3] Other domains being; Prevalence, Vulnerable People’s Reliance and Justice System Performance.

[4] Kenya Population and Housing Census report 2019

[5] Protection calculation guidance note

[6] The margin of error was adapted from the IPOA Endline survey 2019

[7] Ritchie J & Spencer L (1994). Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research. In Analysing Qualitative Data, pp. 173–194 [A Bryman and RG Burgess, editors]. London: Routledge

[1] Endline survey on policing standards and gaps in Kenya, IPOA, 2019

[2] Protection Summary brief